Severe hypoglycemia in children can cause which of the following?

• A. Kidney failure
• B. Brain damage
• C. Heart failure
• D. Seizures

Answer: (B)

Severe hypoglycemia deprives brain cells of their main fuel, glucose. The brain relies on a steady supply of glucose to power neurons, and when levels plummet for a prolonged period, energy failure occurs. This can lead to neuronal injury and, if the episode is long enough, permanent brain damage. In children, the developing brain is especially vulnerable to such energy shortages, making brain injury the most concerning long-term consequence. Seizures can occur during a hypoglycemic event as the brain becomes temporarily hyperexcitable, but the lasting risk tied to severe, prolonged low blood sugar is brain damage. Kidney or heart failure are not typical direct outcomes of a standalone severe hypoglycemic episode in children.